Category:Linux Commands

Commands

use Ctrl + O to save file use Ctrol + X to quit

More info can see on this page.

Common

• Vi: type i to edit, type esc to exit edit mode, type :x to save editing
• screen

Name	Type	available in	description
neo4j	Example	Example
Napkin	Example	Example
JRuby	Example	Example
Java	coding	Example
ssh	network	Example
git	coding	Example
lsof	Example	Example
libc6-armel	Example	Example
Bash	common	Example
Busybox	Example	Example
cpulimit	system	Example
Transmission	network	openwrt
Shadowsocks	network	openwrt
mjpeg streamer	video	Example
Linux Motion	video	Example
Nano	editor	Example
opkg	system	Example
perl	coding	Example
vsftpd	network	Example
wget	network	Example
yaaw	network	Example
Htop	system	Example	monitor system status
Psensor	system	Example	monitor CPU status
apache2	internet	Example	apache internet server
nginx	internet	Example	widely used internet server, maybe better than apache2
Php5	internet	Example	lanuage
mysql	internet	Example	database

• matchbox-keyboard florence sudo
• apt-get install gdebi
• sudo apt-get install synaptic

rSync file

Basic syntax of rsync command - rsync options source destination Sufffix

Header text	Header text	Header text
Example	-v	verbose
Example	-r	copies data recursively (but don’t preserve timestamps and permission while transferring data
Example	-a	archive mode, archive mode allows copying files recursively and it also preserves symbolic links, file permissions, user & group ownerships and timestamps
Example	-z	compress file data
Example	-h	human-readable, output numbers in a human-readable format
Example	-z	compress during transfer
Example	-H, --hard-links	keep the hard links
Example	-S, --sparse	sparse file special treatment to save DST space

Examples

Type	Header text	Header text
Basic	rsync -avSH /home/coremail/ /cmbak/ rsync -azv /var/opt/installation/inventory/ /root/temp/	copy local file from /home/coremail to /cmbak
Example	Example	Example
Example	Example	Example

• reference: http://coolnull.com/1899.html

Open windows software

• install app win: apt-get install wine

Proxy

SS client

• apt-get install shadowsocks
• sslocal -c ss.json

Proxy - ProxyChains

• proxychains > tsocks

Proxy - Polipo

• Install polipo: apt-get install polipo
• config /etc/polipo/config

proxyAddress = "0.0.0.0"

socksParentProxy = "127.0.0.1:1080"
socksProxyType = socks5

chunkHighMark = 50331648
objectHighMark = 16384

serverMaxSlots = 64
serverSlots = 16
serverSlots1 = 32

• restart it: /etc/init.d/polipo restart
• restart and try:

export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:8123/"
curl www.google.com

• proxychains: /etc/proxychains.conf
• tsocks: sudo nano /etc/tsocks.conf

Find IP in LAN:

• install nmap: sudo apt-get install nmap
• nmap -sn 192.168.1.0/24

or use netdiscover

• sudo apt-get install netdiscover
• sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.1.0/24 -i wlan0
• change wlan0 to eth0

Send udp data to a IP

• sendip -p ipv4 -is 192.168.1.81 -p udp -us 5070 -ud 5060 -d "Hello" -v 192.168.1.81
• Refer to ESP Light

Media

• media play with omxplayer, command: omxplayer example.mp3
• to force output : omxplayer -o hdmi example.mp3
• or: omxplayer -o local example.mp3
• Use lxmuisc or VLC: apt-get install lxmusic
• Omx GUI player TBOplayer

Use Minidlna

sudo apt-get install minidlna

• edit connf for minidlna /etc/minidlna.conf

port=8200
media_dir=/media/
friendly_name=dlna

restart it

sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna force-reload

• webpage data can be found at: http://192.168.0.103:8200/
• local view at "my computer" - "network"

opkg package management

• list-installed
• remove
• update

• Check the opkg source address, my correct address is barrier_breaker http://downloads.openwrt.org/barrier_breaker/14.07/ramips/rt305x/packages/packages, replacing it in the follow text

Commands

Category	Command	Description	example	example description
File/Folder	cd	change directory	cd .. cd / cd .	-
File/Folder	cat	print file content to screen	-	-
File/Folder	touch	change file to current system time, or create new file	-	-
File/Folder	mkdir	make directory	mkdir -m 700 electrodragon	-m for mode 700
File/Folder	tailf	diplay the last 10 lines of the file	tailf /srv/www/logs/www*access.log	-
File/Folder	pwd	list current folder	pwd	-
File/Folder	cp	copy file	cp -r folder /home/
File/Folder	rm -rf	remove the file or folder, r=? f=force	-
File/Folder	ls -l ls -a	list the user and group -a include all files	ls -l	drwxrwxr-x 1 root root 8192 Nov 10 03:18 SSK 3th root = user, 4th root =group, SSK folder name -a show all files and folders -l show in long mode -R Recursively
File/Folder	mv	move or rename files and folders	mv /usr/lib/* /zone

File/Folder Right

Basic

root@www:~/sh# ls -al
total 32
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4096 Dec 13 06:26 .
drwx------ 10 root root 4096 Dec 13 05:56 ..
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 1226 Dec 13 05:48 backup.sh
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Dec 13 05:42 bk
drwxr-xr-x  8 root root 4096 Dec 13 06:04 .git
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root  561 Dec 13 06:03 loadmonitor.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root    0 Dec 13 06:26 mem.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root  778 Dec 13 06:00 nginx_log.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root  280 Dec 13 05:48 uptime.sh

For line drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 05:42 bk

• d is directory, rwx is write/read/run right, 1st group for owner, 2 for group, 3 other users

Category	Command	Description	example	example description
File/Folder Right	chown	change folder owner and group	chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/pi chown root:debian-transmission SSK	oracle is user, oinstall is group set user root and group debian-transmissoin for folder SSK
File/Folder Right	chmod	change folder/file permission	chmod -R 700 /opt/oracle	700 is the permission, R means folder and files, recursive
File/Folder Right	usermod -a -G	Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.	usermod -a -G pi debian-transmission	add debian* to pi group
File/Folder Right	Usermod -G	add user to a group	usermod -G root pi	add user pi to root group
File/Folder Right	id whoami groups: groups <user> passwd su switch user sudo get root right	check user in which group	groups root	root : root indiecity debian-transmission
File/Folder Right	chgrp	change group	chgrp debian-transmission /mnt/usbel/Torrents/mytrasnmission/incomplete chgrp debian-transmission /mnt/usbel/Torrents/mytrasnmission/complete	change folder group

User and Group

• userdel username

Net

Category	Command	Description	example	example description
User right	groupadd or groupdel	add/del new group	groupadd group1	-
User right	alias	set alias name for command add alias on boot: ~/.bashrc for single user or /etc/bashrc or /etc/bash.bashrc for all user (ubuntu, lubuntu) reboot to make it work.	alias p="pwd" or p='pwd'
Net	ping	ping ip address	ping 192.168.0.1
Net	ifconfig	show network info	ifconfig
Net	wget	download a file from internet

System

Category	Command	Description	example	example description
System-package	apt-get	install, remove, update, remove --purage package	apt-get install	install package
System-package	sudo dpkg -i debfile	install *.deb package
System	su	switch user	su
System	lsusb, lsmod	list usb, modules	-	-
System	dmesg	Boot info	-	-
System	crontab -e	run programme periodically	0 0 * * * rm -rf /tmp/motion/*.* # rm all the files in motion folder at 0:0 0 */2 * * * /sbin/service httpd restart # restart httpd every two hours	-
System	help	help command	-	-
System	man	show manual	man update-rc.d	-
System	ps -x	show current process	-	-
System	top	system status	-	-
System	hostname	show/edit hostname	hostname moon	change hostname to "moon", also need to change /etc/hosts
System	ps	show process	ps -A | grep ssh* ps -ef | grep mosquitto	check if service ssh on or off
System	free -m	check free memory #total: Total memory size; #used: memory has been used; #free: free memory; #shared: shared memory size; #buffers: used for buffer memory; #cached: used for cache memory	-	-

Screen

• Screen, sync SSH to Serial of RPI -> Install first sudo apt-get install screen -> screen /dev/ttyAMA0/ 115200

Tools

• FileZilla
• WinScp
• SecureCRT
• Xshell

Packages

Nano

Install

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/c_enviroment/sample$ sudo apt-get install nano

A simple tutorial on how to use nano is: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42980/the-beginners-guide-to-nano-the-linux-command-line-text-editor/

One thing you may notice with this sketch, it compiles to the command line. This example shows how you can pass parameters to the sketch when calling it from the command line. This is optional as you will see in some of the other sketches, but does add some benefit to writing sketches to run on the pcDuino.